HISTOPATHOLOGY INDIA.COM

                                   Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

 
Web www.histopathology-india.net
 
  Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour

          

http://www.histopathology-india.net/Infection.htm

              

The Flaviviridae include almost 70 viruses, nearly half of which have been associated with human disease. Flavivirus is a genus of the family Flaviviridae.

Flavivirus share a common size (40-60 nanometres), symmetry (enveloped, icosahedral nucleocapsid), nucleic acid (positive-sense, single stranded RNA approximately 10,000-11,000 bases), and appearance in the electron microscope.

These viruses are among the most important arthropod-borne viruses worldwide and include dengue, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis viruses.

Morbidity and mortality caused by these viruses vary, but collectively they account for millions of encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, arthralgia, rash, and fever cases per year.

Most of the members of this family are transmitted between vertebrate hosts by arthropod vectors, most commonly mosquitoes or ticks.

Transmission cycles can be simple or complex depending on the hosts, vectors, the virus, and the environmental factors affecting both hosts and viruses.

 -  MOSQUITO-BORNE VIRUSES :

         -Dengue Virus:

         -Yellow  Fever Virus:

         -Japanese encephalitis virus:

         -Murray Valley encephalitis virus:

            -St. Louis Encephalitis Virus:

            -West Nile Virus:

-  TICK-BORNE VIRUSES :

    

       - Tick-borne encephalitis virus

       - Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus:

       - Kyasanur Forest disease virus:

             

Tick-borne flaviviruses.Adv Virus Res. 2003;61:317-71

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), one of the most dangerous neuroinfections in Europe and Asia, is caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and currently involves approximately 11,000 human cases annually, mostly in Russia. This chapter describes the main problems associated with the epidemiology, ecology, pathogenesis, and control of this disease. We have attempted to review the factors that influence the incidence and distribution of TBE, and to discuss possible reasons for the different clinical manifestations including most commonly observed asymptomatic infections, fever forms, acute encephalitis, and the less frequently registered biphasic milk fever and chronic encephalitis. Epidemiologic data concerning the other tick-borne flaviviruses, namely Louping ill virus, Langat virus, and Powassan virus that also produce encephalitis on a smaller scale, are also presented. Here we describe the history and current epidemiological role of Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus and Kyasanur forest disease virus, two viruses that are genetically closely related to TBEV, but produce hemorrhagic fever instead of encephalitis, and provide possible explanations for these differences. The other viruses in the tick-borne flavivirus group are also included despite the fact that they do not play an essential epidemiologic role in humans. This chapter contains a brief history of vaccination against TBE including the trials with live attenuated vaccine and reviews the modern trends in development of vaccine virus strains.

June 2007
Surgical-Pathology.com

Histopathology-India.net

Eye Pathology Online

Cardiac Path Online;

Pulmonary Pathology Online

Pathology Quiz Online;

Dermpath-India;

GI Path Online

Mesothelioma-Online;

Soft Tissue Pathology;

Case Index

Infectious Disease Online; INDEX: A-D ; INDEX: E-L ; INDEX: M-P INDEX: Q-Z ; FUNGAL DISEASE ; VIRAL DISEASE.

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans

Actinomycosis

Adenovirus

African Histoplasmosis 

African Trypanosomiasis

Amebic Meningoencephalitis

American Trypanosomiasis

Ancylostomiasis

Angiostrongyliasis

Anisakiasis

Anthrax Infection

Ascariasis

Babesiosis

Bacillary angiomatosis

Balantidiasis

Bartonellosis

Chikungunya

Dengue

Dermatophytosis

Dematiaceous fungal infection

Diphtheria

Epidemic Typhus

Epstein-Barr Virus infection

Filovirus

Influenza

Lassa Fever

Marburg Virus Disease

Mycobacterium Leprae Inf.

Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare

Mycobacterium ulcerans Inf.

Necrotizing Enteritis (pig-bel)

Negri bodies

Nematode (Roundworm)

Neurosyphilis

Nocardiosis

Norwalk Virus related Diarrhea

Omsk hemorrhagic fever