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An
outline of the anatomy and normal histology of the stomach for
pathologists. Reporting of gastric biopsies (non-neoplastic gastric lesions). Pathology and pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. Helicobacter pylori associated ( Type B) Gastritis Reactive /Reflux/ Chemical Gastritis (Type C) Other Non-Neoplastic Gastric Lesions Benign tumour and tumour- like lesions Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour Gross Examination of the Gastrectomy Specimen Path Quiz Case 5: 41 year old male with a small well circumscribed nodule on the stomach wall |
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http://www.histopathology-india.net/HeartIndex.htm FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE HEARTANATOMY OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES AUTOPSY EXAM. OF CORONARY ARTERIES PROSTHETIC AND BIOPROSTHETIC CARDIAC VALVES myocardiTISGIANT CELL MYOCARDITISRHEUMATIC FEVER AND RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE PATHOLOGY OF ASCHOFF BODIES OR NODULES HISTOPATHOLOGY REPORTING OF PERICARDIAL SPECIMEN HEART TRANSPLANTS - PATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY-(ALLOGRAFT REJECTION) |
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What is a
precancerous condition? Precancerus condition is a clinical state
associated with increased risk of cancer. Example: 1. Atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, 2. Pernicious anaemia 3. Gastric stump 4. Certain types of gastric polyps What is a precancerous lesion? Precancerous lesion is a histopathological abnormality in which cancer is more likely to occur. Example: Gastric dysplasia. |
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While diagnosing a
case of gastric dysplasia the histopathologist must consider the
following: 1. Whether the biopsy origiate from an adenoma or flat gastric mucosa. 2. Whether the biopsy is from the margin of a carcinoma 3. Whether there is carcinoma elsewhere. 4. Whether the lesion is part of a wider mucosal abnormality. |
Gastric dysplasia may present as a raised, circumscribed lesion (adenoma) or as a flat/depressed lesion. Adenomatous
dysplasia : Gastric
epithelial dysplasia(flat/depressed) :
- Gross
features: Ill-defined thickened and congested mucosa which may be
slightly depressed or
- Microscopic
features:
Classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia:
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Differential diagnosis of gastric dysplasia: 1.Reactive epithelial hyperplasia (gastritis, erosion or ulceration). Enlarged pleomorphic nuclei that show homogeneous basophilia and are basally orientated. Prominent but small and uniform nucleoli. Surface maturation is present. Gradual transition with adjacent epithelium Atypical glands embedded in granulation tissue ,fibrin and ulcer slough ( useful clue ). Note : Histopathologist should be very careful while making a diagnosis of high grade dysplasia in the presence of large numbers of intraepithelial neutrophils. 2. Reflux gastritis: 3. Epithelial atypia associated with irradiation or antineoplastic chemotherapy - Present in specialized (deeper part ) mucosa. - Stromal cells affected. - No architectural abnormality. - No increase in mitotic activity. |
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Abstracts: CDX-2 homeobox gene expression in human gastric carcinoma and precursor lesions.J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Feb;21(2):438-42. The long term outcome of gastric non-invasive neoplasia.Gut. 2003 Aug;52(8) :1111-6. Gastric atrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia: a clinical perspective.J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003 May-Jun;36(5 Suppl):S29-36; discussion S61-2 Immunohistochemical expression of Fhit protein in Helicobacter pylori related chronic gastritis, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric carcinoma: correlation with conventional clinicopathologic.Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 May;15(5):515-23. Gastric epithelial dysplasia. Gut 1999 ;45: 784-90 Precursors of gastric carcinoma. Hum Pathol. 1994; 25: 994-1005. Gastric epithelial dysplasia in the natural history of gastric cancer: a multicenter prospective follow-up study. Interdisciplinary Group on Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia. Gastroenterology 1994 Nov;107(5):1288-96. High grade dysplasia of the gastric mucosa : a marker for gastric carcinoma. Gut 1990 ; 31: 977-83.
Gastric epithelial dysplasia. How clinicopathologic
background relates to management.
Long term follow upstudy on gastric adenoma and its
relation to gastric adenoma and its relation to gastric protruded carcinoma.
Cancer 1982 ; 50: 2496-2503 Zhang Y-C. Typing and grading of gastric dysplasia. In: Zhang Y-C, Kawai K , eds. Precancerous conditions and lesions of the stomach. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 1993; 64-84
Histopathology of gastric dysplasia. In :
Filipe MI, Jass JR (eds) Gastric carcinoma. Churchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh, 1986: 116-131
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Images
High & low power view of high grade gastric dysplasia:
Created by:
Dr Sampurna Roy
MD
Site provides information on a wide range of
Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Gastric Lesions.
AN APPROACH TO THE REPORTING OF
ESOPHAGEAL BIOPSIES
BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS
(INTESTINAL METAPLASIA DYSPLASIA & ADENOCARCINOMA)
BENIGN TUMOURS AND TUMOUR - LIKE
CONDITIONS OF ESOPHAGUS 1.
SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS 2.
INFLAMMATORY FIBROID POLYP OF THE ESOPHAGUS 4.
GRANULAR CELL TUMOUR OF THE ESOPHAGUS
REPORTING OF ESOPHAGEAL
RESECTION SPECIMENS
SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA
INCLUDING SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN-SITU OF THE ESOPHAGUS
Viral
Infection:
Respiratory syncytial virus infection
Chlamydia:
Chlamydial Infection
Rickettsia:
Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)
Mycoplasma:
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Bacterial Infection:
Pneumococcal Pneumonia
(Lobar Pneumonia)
Bronchopneumonia
Haemophilus influenza Infection
Tuberculosis
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare
Mycobacterium Kansasii Infection Fungal Infection:
Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma Capsulatum)
Infections
caused by other organisms
- Interpretation of Large
Intestinal Biopsies
- Assessment of
abnormalities -1 (lumen, surface epithelium, subepithelial zone)
- Assessment of abnormalities - 2 (crypt density , architecture and epithelium)
-
Assessment of abnormalities - 3 (changes in the lamina propria,muscularis mucosae and submucosa) -Microscopic/ collagenous
colitis ;
Pseudomembranous colitis
;
-
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
;
- Drug related lesions of the Gastrointestinal
Tract
-
Gross examination of colorectal resection specimens in non-neoplastic
diseases
NORMAL HISTOLOGY OF ESOPHAGUS
Pulmonary Infection
- Normal
Histology of the Large Intestine
-
Pathology of Amebic Colitis ;