1. Congenital Heart Disease :

    - Learn how to examine the normal and abnormal heart (sequential-

segmental approach);

   *write a full cardiac macroscopic report

   *learn how to present a case of congenital heart disease to clinicians

    - Have an understanding of and have seen cases of common

  congenital abnormalities and their surgical correction;

  * total anomalous  pulmonary venous drainage

  *atrial septal defect (ASD)

  *ventricular septal defect (VSD)

  * transposition of the great vessels

  * Fallot's tetralogy

  - Understand the surgical procedures for correction of congenital

cardiac abnormalities and the complications associated with;

   * cardiac bypass

   * bioprostheses

   * imaging

2. Adult Cardiomyopathy :

 - Learn how to examine the normal and abnormal heart , received as

explants from transplant cases or  post mortem specimens ;

   * write a full cardiac macroscopic report

   * learn how to present a case of cardiomyopathy to clinicians

 - Have an understanding of common cardiomyopathies ;

   * hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

   *dilated cardiomyopathy

   *restrictive cardiomyopathy

   * histiocytoid cardiomyopathy

   * right ventricular dysplasia

   *idiopathic (giant cell) myocarditis

- Understand the role of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in the

  diagnosis of  myocardial disease ;

.   *Understand the biopsy procedures and the number of biopsies

 required.

    *Learn the use of stains H&E, EVG, trichromes, Pearl’s Prussian blue 

 (PPB), Congo Red.

    *Know the common artifacts of EMB.

- Learn how to write a report on an EMB in a systematic fashion which

includes endocardium, myocytes, interstitium, blood vessels.

- See EMB from cases of ;

        *cardiac amyloid ; 

        *hemochromatosis ;

        *hypertrophic cardiomyopathy;

        *dilated cardiomyopathy.

 3. Valvular heart disease :

-Learn how to examine the normal cardiac valves  and measure them.

-Become familiar with the pathology of:

           * infective endocarditis,

           *calcific valvular disease,

           *post-inflammatory valve disease,

           *myxoid (‘floppy’) valve disease.

.- Becomes familiar with the common valvular surgical procedures

  and their complications.

4. Ischaemic heart disease :

-Learn how to examine the heart, received as explants from transplant

 cases  or postmortem specimens , with particular attention to -

          *identifying and examine the coronary arteries.

          *selecting blocks for histology,

          * write a full cardiac macroscopic report,

          *learn how to present a case of IHD to clinicians.

 - Learn how to dissect and report the histology of the cardiac

  conducting system.

- Learn how to examine, sample for histology and describe coronary

  artery bypass grafts.

 - Have an understanding of ;

      *the histology of acute myocardial infarction

      (be able to ‘date’ an  infarct),

      *the histology of chronic myocardial ischemia,

      * the histology of reperfusion injury,

      *the histology of coronary artery re-stenosis injury.

5. The Myocarditis :

- Understand the role of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) in the

  diagnosis of myocarditis (Dallas criteria);

- See EMB's from cases of :

           *lymphocytic myocarditis,

           *granulomatous myocarditis,

           *eosinophilic myocarditis.

6. Transplantation pathology:

-  Learn how to examine the explanted heart, sample blocks

 for histology and write a full cardiac macroscopic report.

-  Have an understanding of the surgical procedures used in cardiac

transplantation and their complications.

-  Know how the EMBs from transplant cases are prioratised

  and processed for H&E.

-  Understand when to request special stains.

-  Become familiar with the ISHLT grading system for acute

  cellular rejection and its histology.

- Become familiar with the pathology of chronic rejection

 including cardiac ischaemia, transplant associated graft

 coronary artery disease and transplant associated

lymphoproliferative disease.