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                          HISTOPATHOLOGY INDIA.COM

        Angiolipoma

   Dr Sampurna Roy MD

 
Web www.histopathology-india.net
Small Intestinal Pathology

      

http://www.histopathology-india.net/SmallIntestinePath.htm

 April 2007
NORMAL HISTOLOGY OF ESOPHAGUS

AN APPROACH TO THE  REPORTING  OF ESOPHAGEAL BIOPSIES

BARRETT'S   ESOPHAGUS   (INTESTINAL METAPLASIA  DYSPLASIA  &   ADENOCARCINOMA)

BENIGN TUMOURS AND  TUMOUR - LIKE CONDITIONS  OF  ESOPHAGUS

 1. SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS

 2. INFLAMMATORY FIBROID POLYP OF THE ESOPHAGUS

 3. LEIOMYOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS

 4. GRANULAR CELL TUMOUR OF THE ESOPHAGUS

 5. ESOPHAGEAL CYSTS

 6. GLYCOGENIC ACANTHOSIS

 7.FIBROVASCULAR POLYPS

REPORTING  OF  ESOPHAGEAL  RESECTION SPECIMENS

SQUAMOUS  EPITHELIAL  DYSPLASIA INCLUDING SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN-SITU OF THE ESOPHAGUS

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS

An outline of the anatomy and normal histology of the  stomach for pathologists.

Reporting of gastric biopsies (non-neoplastic gastric lesions).

Pathology and pathogenesis of peptic ulcer.

Acute Gastritis 

Chronic Gastritis

Helicobacter pylori  associated ( Type B) Gastritis 

Autoimmune Gastritis  (Type A) 

Reactive /Reflux/ Chemical Gastritis (Type C)

Lymphocytic Gastritis

Collagenous Gastritis

Granulomatous Gastritis

Eosinophilic Gastritis

Gastric Xanthoma/Xanthelasma

Other Non-Neoplastic Gastric Lesions

Benign tumour and tumour- like lesions

Gastric Lymphoma

Gastric Carcinoid Tumour

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour 

Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia

Early Gastric Carcinoma

Gross Examination of the Gastrectomy Specimen 

Drug related lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

Ascariasis

Cryptosporidium

Cytomegalovirus infection

Giardiasis

Hookworm Infection

Whipple's disease

             

Pathological features in ischemic bowel disease-

Gross Features:
In acute ischemia bowel wall is edematous and dusky in colour. Mucosa is necrotic and has a nodular surface due to excessive submucosal hemorrhage.
Mucosal surface may be covered by patches of white slough.
Necrosis and gangrene may affect part or all of bowel wall.
In some cases only mucous membrane is affected especially in nonocclusive type of ischemia.

Microscopic features:

I Early mucosal lesion :

- Swelling of lamina propria. Hemorrhage, vascular dilation and  submucosal edema may or may not be present.

- Emigration of neutrophils into the lamina propria and epithelium.

- Crypt and villous atrophy .

- Adhesion between adjacent villi in some cases.

- Destruction of epithelium.

II Later stage:

- Surface membrane of mucus, fibrin, RBCs.

-  Prominent areas of hemorrhage and edema in submucosa.

- Fibrin thrombi in mucosa and submucosal capillaries.

- Muscle layer is characterized by  loss of nuclei and pale staining in the early stage. In the late stage there is lysis, separation and thinning of the muscle layer.

-  Infarction (hemorrhage in the submucosa, intravascular thrombosis, mucosal ulceration.)

-  Bacteria produce gangrene and perforation develops within days.  

- Infection may spread to mesentery leading to thrombosis and secondary arteritis of mesenteric vessels.

(Note: Microscopic study of mesenteric vessels is important to rule out vasculitis.)

CHRONIC ISCHEMIA:
Segmental or patchy distribution.
Mucosal inflammation, submucosa filled with granulation tissue, ulceration, patchy  fibrosis, stricture.

PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS;

1. Arterial occlusion:
 Atherosclerosis, stenosis of celiac axis, dissecting aneurysm, angiography, surgery .

2. Pathology in mural vasculature:
Vasculitis-(Collagen vascular disorder, polyarteritis nodosa) . Compression -( Volvulus, hernia).
Amyloidosis.

3. Venous occlusion: Cirrhosis, sepsis, hypercoagulable states, surgery, trauma.

4. Nonocclusive ischemia:  Cardiac failure, shock, dehydration, vasoconstrictive drugs.

Lesions causing small bowel obstruction and bleeding  ; Meckel's Diverticulum.

          

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Surgical-Pathology.com ; Histopathology-India.net ; Eye Pathology Online ; Cardiac Path Online ; Pulmonary Pathology Online ; Pathology Quiz Online ; Dermpath-India;GI Path Online ;Mesothelioma-Online ; Soft Tissue Pathology;

Infectious Disease Online; INDEX: A-D ; INDEX: E-L ; INDEX: M-P INDEX: Q-Z ; FUNGAL DISEASE ; VIRAL DISEASE.

 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour

www.histopathology-india.net/GIPath.htm

Normal histology of the small intestine for anatomic pathologists

An approach to evaluation of small intestinal biopsy.

Malabsorption syndrome (causes  and clinical investigations)

Tropical Sprue

Coeliac Disease

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma

Intestinal lymphan-giectasia

Lesions causing small bowel obstruction and bleeding - Intussusception : Adhesions : Volvulus

Ischemic bowel disease 

Duodenal  Gangliocytic Paraganglioma

Lymphoma of the small intestine

Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)

Blastomycosis

Candidosis(Candidiasis)

Coccidioidomycosis

Cryptococcosis

Dengue

Dermatophytosis

Giardiasis

Histoplasmosis

Leishmaniasis 

Malaria

Meningococcal Infection

Measles

Molluscum Contagiosum

Pneumocystis Pneumonia

Schistosomiasis