Causes of small intestinal bleeding:
1. Ischemic bowel
disease  2. Intussusception:
Usually
occurs in the first 5 years of life.
In infants it is spontaneous and reversible.
It is probably related to lymphoid hyperplasia of viral etiology .
Intussusception caused by lymphoid hyperplasia in AIDS have been
reported.
In adults intussusception indicates intraluminal mass or tumour (lipoma
or leiomyoma) at the point of traction.
A segment of intestine (intussusceptum), invaginates into immediately
distal segment of intestine (intussuscipiens).
As the segment is further pushed in, there is traction of the mesentery
from behind.
Macroscopically, the specimen has a curved 'sausage- like' appearance.
The concavity of the specimen is toward the root of the mesentery.
Increasing traction & compression of the mesenteric vessels may lead to
infarction. There may be necrosis and sloughing of the invaginated
portion of the bowel.
3. Meckel's diverticulum

4 main causes of
intestinal obstruction :
1. Hernias
2. Intestinal adhesions:
There is localized
peritoneal inflammation (peritonitis) following surgery, infection,
endometriosis or radiation. Healing of peritonitis leads to fibrous
bridges
between
viscera. Complications of adhesions include intestinal obstruction,
internal herniation within peritoneal cavity and strangulation of
viscera.
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3. Intussusception
4. Volvulus
: Volvulus
often occurs in small intestine or in the sigmoid colon and is
characterized by complete twising of the bowel loops about its
mesenteric base. Complications include obstruction and infarction.
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