  |
|
An
outline of the anatomy and normal histology of the stomach for
pathologists. Reporting of gastric biopsies (non-neoplastic gastric lesions). Pathology and pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. Helicobacter pylori associated(TypeB) Gastritis Reactive /Reflux/ Chemical Gastritis (Type C) Other Non-Neoplastic Gastric Lesions Benign tumour and tumour- like lesions Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour |
|
Myxoid
Tumours of Soft Tissue Classification of Soft Tissue Tumour Gross examination of soft tissue specimen A practical approach to histopathological reporting of soft tissue tumours Grading of soft tissue tumours |
|
LOCATION -Left upper quandrant -Inferior to the diaphragm -Upper portion is posterior to the liver -May descent to the pelvis |
|
Anatomically
divided into 4 regions: -Cardiac region: Surrounded by esophageal sphincter . - Fundus: Lies against the diaphragm. - Body (corpus): - Pylorus (pyloric antrum): Ends at the pyloric sphincter which is a thickening of the muscle walls. |
| Types of
cells present in the stomach: Mucous secreting cells (goblet cells)- Line the luminal surface of the stomach and gastric pits and gastric glands. Produce mucus and bicarbonate. Mucous neck cells- Present in the neck of the gland. Produce mucin. Parietal cells (oxyntic cells)- Distributed throughout the length of the gland , but numerous in the middle portion. Large, rounded cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and centrally located nucleus. Produce gastric acid. Chief cells (peptic or zymogenic cells)- Clustered at the base of the gland. Identified by basally located nuclei and strongly basophilic granular cytoplasm. Produce pepsinogen, digests protein. |
|
Normal Histological
Features: The gastric mucosa consists of surface epithelium, gastric pits and gastric glands. The gastric glands extend from the muscular mucosae to extend into the stomach lumen via gastric pits.
The foveolar cells lining the surface and
gastric pits are identical throughout the stomach In normal
gastric biopsy degree of pit and glandular separation should be same
throughout the biopsy.
Cardia-
Fundus and
body-
Pylorus-
|
|
Note:
Gastric mucosa forms a barrier to diffusion of gastric acid from the gastric lumen. Damage of gastric mucosa > back diffusion of luminal acid > tissue acidosis > vascular compromise>mucosal congestion and necrosis. Damaged gastric mucosa> regenerates from generating zone (mucous neck region) 1. Cells pass upwards to differentiate into foveolar cells 2. Cells pass downwards to differentiate into glandular cells. |
Normal Histology Images:
click on the images
Normal histology of the small intestine for
anatomic pathologists
An approach to
evaluation of small intestinal biopsy.
Malabsorption syndrome (causes and
clinical investigations)
Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
Lesions causing small bowel
obstruction and bleeding -
Pathogens
commonly affecting Small Intestine
Intussusception : Adhesions : Volvulus