Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma secondary to superficial arteriovenous malformation: Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2008 Jan;135(1):44-47. Epub 2008 Jan 22.

BACKGROUND: Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma or Stewart-Bluefarb subtype acroangiodermatitis is uncommon and is caused by arteriovenous fistula and malformation. We report a new case. CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old man presented with painful red-violet plaque on the dorsum of the toes with angiomatous nodules on the sole. Histological and immunohistochemical studies for CD34 were consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma. Doppler ultrasonography and femoral angiography showed multiple distal arteriovenous shunts. Free-flow embolisation with fragments of Ethibloc((R)) gelatin sponge was performed and arteriography, performed immediately afterwards, showed delayed venous drainage. The outcome was good with complete drainage of the angiomatous lesions. DISCUSSION: Pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma Stewart-Bluefarb subtype begins early in life in male subjects, with unilateral skin lesions. It bears clinical and histological resemblance to Kaposi's sarcoma. Doppler ultrasonography and angiography show arteriovenous fistulas that classically develop at shunts, explaining the role of traumatism and high vascular pressure in the genesis of this disease.

Acroangiodermatitis Mali resulting from arteriovenous malformation: report of a case of Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome.Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008 Jan;33(1):22-5. Epub 2007 Oct 9.

We describe the rare Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome in a 15-year-old boy. This syndrome presents as a congenital arteriovenous malformation of the lower leg with multiple arteriovenous shunts accompanied by the benign acroangiodermatitis of Mali (pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma). The clinical features of this disorder and the treatment options are reviewed.

Acro-angiodermatitis. A simulant of Kaposi's sarcoma.Am J Dermatopathol. 1987 Apr;9(2):85-9.

Acro-angiodermatitis, usually related to venous insufficiency of the lower limbs, may simulate some of the features of Kaposi's sarcoma, both to the clinician and the dermatopathologist. With the increasing incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), there is a greater awareness of Kaposi's sarcoma than the benign simulant. Against this background, there is a danger that acro-angiodermatitis will be misdiagnosed as Kaposi's sarcoma.

Acro-angiodermatitis: review of the literature and report of a case.Acta Derm Venereol. 1995 Nov;75(6):475-8.

Acro-angiodermatitis is a very common disorder, with a close clinical, anatomical and morphological resemblance to Kaposi's sarcoma. Several types of this disorder can be found in different settings. However, these conditions are often misdiagnosed and therefore mistreated. A review of the literature and a classification of all types of acro-angiodermatitis are presented. We also describe a case of a patient with acro-angiodermatitis which completely regressed following a course of dapsone combined with leg elevation and elastic support stockings.