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Dermpath-India Pathology of Balloon Cell Nevus: A benign pigmented tumour with clear cells. Dr Sampurna Roy MD 2023
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Balloon cells are altered melanocytes with clear vacuolated cytoplasm caused by a defect in the process of melanogenesis. The balloon cell naevus is characterized by large, vacuolated nevus cells with clear cytoplasm and central nucleus. The nucleus appears hyperchromatic. Multinucleate balloon cells may be present. The diagnosis should be made when more than 50% of the tumour shows balloon cell change. Although rare, balloon cell change has been observed in a variety of melanocytic proliferations, particularly intradermal melanocytic nevi and melanoma. Balloon cell change has also been reported in dysplastic naevus. Distinction between balloon cell nevus and melanoma: In melanoma, cells are larger ; mitotic figures are present ; there is evidence of radial growth phase. Related post : Balloon Cell Melanoma. Balloon cell change may lead to difficulties in diagnosis, particularly with other clear cell neoplasms.
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