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Pathology of Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma

Dr Sampurna Roy MD                                                 2022

Dermatopathology Quiz Case: 44

Answer -  Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma

 

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma is a rare disorder which is frequently associated with paraproteinemia and lymphoproliferative diseases.

Age:  Middle-aged or elderly patients.

Clinical presentation: Lesion presents as reddish, partly xanthomatous nodules or plaques.

Site:  These are usually located around the periorbital area. Other sites include extremities and  trunk.
 

Histopathological  features:

Extensive areas of hyaline necrobiosis surrounded by a palisade of histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells ;

Large numbers of necrotic inflammatory cells in the reticular dermis ;

Superficial and deep perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate ;

Presence of foam cells, multinucleated giant cells (Touton and foreign body types), cholesterol clefts and extracellular lipid ; 

Lymphoid follicles may be present ;

Extensive areas of fat necrosis in the subcutaneous tissue.

Hand drawn diagram showing some of the important features of  Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma

 

Differential diagnosis:     

Necrobiosis Lipoidica:  Much less collagen degeneration.

Foam cells, large numbers of necrotic inflammatory cells and cholesterol clefts are absent.

Atypical giant cells are not prominent.

Panniculitis is localized to the septa.

In necrobiotic xanthogranuloma the lobules are extensively involved. 

 

Further reading:

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. Differential diagnosis, treatment and systemic involvement. Case report.

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum with cholesterol clefts in the differential diagnosis of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.

Bilateral necrobiotic xanthogranuloma of the eyelids followed by a diagnosis of multiple myeloma 20 years later.

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma: a review of 17 cases with emphasis on clinical and pathologic correlation.

Successful treatment of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with intravenous immunoglobulin.

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma as an unusual cause of refractive chronic bilateral leg ulceration.

Non-infectious granulomatous diseases of the skin and their associated systemic diseases: an evidence-based update to important clinical questions.

                                                                                                                      

 

 

 

 

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Dr Sampurna Roy  MD

Consultant  Histopathologist (Kolkata - India)


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